Glenohumeral joint anatomy and movements
The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint formed between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.
Head of humerus: Large, smooth, rounded surface forming about one-third of a sphere
Glenoid cavity: Shallow, pear-shaped cavity on the lateral angle of the scapula, deepened by the glenoid labrum
The joint is reinforced by the glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle, and inferior) and the coracohumeral ligament.
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Medial and lateral rotation
Circumduction